What is the first step in assessing a person who appears unconscious?

Performing the AVPU scale is a crucial first step in assessing an unconscious person because it helps in determining the level of consciousness effectively. The AVPU scale stands for Alert, Voice, Pain, and Unresponsive. This method provides a quick assessment of a person’s responsiveness and awareness. It allows a rescuer to understand whether the individual can respond to stimuli, which guides further actions needed, such as calling for emergency services or checking vital signs.

This approach is efficient because it helps the rescuer to quickly ascertain the severity of the situation. If a person responds to voice or pain, it indicates some level of consciousness, prompting further evaluation. If they are unresponsive, immediate action can be taken. In critical situations, knowing a person's responsiveness can impact the urgency of care required, such as whether to initiate CPR or other lifesaving measures.

Understanding the initial state of consciousness is fundamental in the first aid protocol because any delay in action could affect the outcome of the situation. It sets the stage for further assessment of vital signs, such as breathing and pulse, which are essential for determining the next steps in the care provided.